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TC 4.10 ProgramsASHRAE Winter Meeting - New York, NY Jan 19-23, 2008TRANSACTIONS SESSION 12: Coupling Multizone and CFD Models for Predicting Airflow and Pollutant Transport in BuildingsWednesday January 23 9:15 a.m.-10:45 a.m. Room: Regent Parlor (2) Sponsor: TC 4.10 Indoor Environmental Modeling Chair: Xudong Yang, Ph.D., Member, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China Multizone models and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model provide complementary approaches to predicting airfl ow and pollutant transport in buildings. Papers in this transaction session deal with various aspects of coupling and application between CFD and multizone modeling.
ASHRAE Annual Meeting - Long Beach, CA June 23-27, 2007Transactions Session 7 - Applications of Multizone Airflow and Contaminant Transport ModelingWednesday, June 27, 2007 9:15 a.m. – 10:45 a.m. 31 Sponsor: TC 04.10 Indoor Environmental Modeling Chair: W. Stuart Dols, Member, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD Multizone modeling programs can be useful in a variety of applications to analyze building airflows, pressure differences and contami-nant transport. These capabilities prove useful in assessing building air change rates, inter-zonal airflow rates, comparing ventilation strategies including natural ventilation, smoke management systems, and performing indoor air quality and chemical biological threat analysis. Multizone models can be useful in performing building research as well as in more practical applications of building design and analysis by engineering practitioners.
Seminar 29 - Natural Ventilation: Modeling and Measurements Part 1, State of the Art in Prediction and DesignMonday, June 25, 2007 8 a.m. – 9:30 a.m. Sponsor: TC 04.10 Indoor Environmental Modeling Chair: Duncan Phillips, Ph.D., P.E., Member, P. Eng., Rowan Williams Davies & Irwin, Guelph, ON, Canada Natural ventilation is an ages old technique of ventilating an occupied space. Natural ventilation within a building can be as simple as opening a window or be actively designed such that the wind, thermal and occupant conditions are optimized. Ultimately, with proper de-sign techniques, both air quality and thermal comfort can be optimized within a properly engineered system. This seminar demonstrates the level of modeling analysis that is possible for the design of a high performance naturally ventilated building.
Seminar 37 - Natural Ventilation: Modeling and Measurements, Part 2: Case StudiesMonday, June 25, 2007 9:45 a.m. – 10:45 a.m. Sponsor: TC 04.03 Ventilation Requirements and Infiltration; TC 04.10 Indoor Environmental Modeling Chair: John J. Carter, Member, Cermak Peterka Petersen, Inc., Fort Collins, CO Natural ventilation is an ages old technique of ventilating an occupied space. Natural ventilation within a building can be as simple as opening a window or be actively designed such that the wind, thermal and occupant conditions are optimized. Ultimately, with proper de-sign techniques, both air quality and thermal comfort can be optimized within a properly engineered system. This seminar demonstrates the level of modeling analysis that is possible for the design of a high performance naturally ventilated building. Forum 8 - Naturally Ventilated Buildings: What Needs to Be Included To Design Them Properly?Tuesday, June 26, 2007 9:45 a.m. – 10:45 a.m. Sponsor: TC 04.10 Indoor Environmental Modeling Moderator: Duncan Phillips, Ph.D., P.E., Member, P. Eng, Rowan Williams Davies & Irwin, Guelph, ON, Canada The drive for high performance (green) ventilation systems is reinvigorating interest in natural ventilation. In many parts of the world, natural ventilation systems, either alone or in concert with thermal management strategies, provide high thermal comfort and air quality. However, not all is well. In some circumstances, the design of a natural ventilation system ignores certain aspects of the external environ-ment. This can include ambient air quality, wind conditions, and/or meteorological realities. This forum addresses components of a proper design. ASHRAE Winter Meeting - Dallas, TX Jan 27-31, 2007Transactions 13 - Third Bi-annual Symposium on Innovations and Advances in Air DistributionTuesday, 1/30/20077:45 a.m. – 9:15 a.m. Sponsor: TC 05.03 Room Air Distribution; TC 04.10 Indoor Environmental Modeling Chair: Mohammad H. Hosni, Ph.D., Fellow, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS Technical papers dealing with innovations and advances in air distribution technologies, such as task ambient conditioning, under floor air distribution, and advanced diffusers, are invited for
ASHRAE Summer Meeting - Quebec City, PQ - Jun 24-28, 2006Transactions 6 - Room: 202 - Reduced-Order Modeling Of Indoor AirflowsMonday, June 26, 2006 7:45 a.m.–9:15 a.m. Sponsor: TC 04.10 Indoor Environmental Modeling Chair: H. Ezzat Khalifa, Ph.D., Member, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY This session covers advances in reduced-order modeling of indoor air and contaminant flows: models that can provide reasonable fidelity at a much lower expenditure of computing resources and time for design optimization or near-real-time environmental control. The focus is on methods that reduce the order of complex indoor flow problems through simplification of physical models, and/or use of mathematical techniques to extract reduced-order models from experimental or detailed CFD data. Such models include improved zonal models, coarse grid CFD, proper orthogonal decomposition of experimental or CFD data, and combinations.
Seminar 37 - Room: 2000 C - Cleanroom Design and CFD SimulationMonday, June 26, 2006 10:45 a.m.–12:15 p.m. Sponsor: TC 09.11 Clean Spaces; TC 04.10 Indoor Environmental Modeling Chair: Wei Sun, P.E., Member, Engsysco, Inc., Ann Arbor, MI The latest cleanroom design issues and CFD simulation technologies are addressed in this seminar. Updated cleanroom standards and new development are discussed. Primary-secondary-tertiary air handling systems commonly used in cleanrooms to achieve tightly-controlled indoor conditions and use energy efficiently are analyzed. In CFD simulation, modeling methods of particle transport and distributions in enclosed spaces are compared and analyzed; and cleanroom airlock operation optimization and decontamination effectiveness is explored beyond its initial research.
Seminar 71 - Room: 2000 A - Air and Contaminant Flow in the Personal Microenvironment, Part 1Wednesday, June 28, 2006 9:30 a.m.–10:30 a.m. Sponsor: TC 04.10, Indoor Environmental Modeling Chair: H. Ezzat Khalifa, Ph.D., Member, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY Human exposure to indoor contaminants and thermal comfort are strongly influenced by the flow within the personal microenvironment (PME)–the flow sub-domain closest to the person. This seminar addresses computational and experimental advances in the study of the transport of gaseous and particulate contaminants within the PME, especially the human thermal plume. Of special interest is the effect of human activity (breathing, coughing, motion, etc) and type of ventilation systems on air and contaminant flow in the PME.
Seminar 75 - Room: 2000 A - Air and Contaminant Flow in the Personal Microenvironment, Part 2Wednesday, June 28, 2006 10:45 a.m.–12:15 p.m. Sponsor: TC 04.10 Indoor Environmental Modeling Chair: H. Ezzat Khalifa, Ph.D., Member, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY Human exposure to indoor contaminants and thermal comfort are strongly influenced by the flow within the personal microenvironment (PME)–the flow sub-domain closest to the person. This seminar addresses computational and experimental advances in the study of the transport of gaseous and particulate contaminants within the PME, especially the human thermal plume. Of special interest is the effect of human activity (breathing, coughing, motion, etc) and type of ventilation systems on air and contaminant flow in the PME.
Other Programs of InterestPoster Session - Room: 200 C - Experimental and Numerical Investigation on Cooling Characteristics of Partition Air Supply System (QC-06-051)Tuesday, June 27, 2006 11:00 a.m.1:00 p.m. Kybum Jeong, Yuhan College, Bucheon, Kyungki, Korea; Zhiqiang Zhai, and Moncef Krarti, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO This paper evaluates the cooling performance of a personalized partition air supply system, a ceiling air supply system, and an under-floor air supply system using results obtained from full-scale chamber experiments and CFD simulations. Experimental and simulation results indicate that the partition supply system provides better indoor thermal comfort levels than the ceiling supply system and the under-floor supply system. Poster Session - Room: 200 C - Testing and Modeling of Underfloor Air Supply Plenums (QC-06-054)Tuesday, June 27, 2006 11:00 a.m.1:00 p.m. Hui Jin, Ph.D., Fred Bauman, P.E., Member and Tom Webster, P.E., Member, University of California, Berkeley, CA The use of an underfloor plenum to deliver conditioned air directly into the occupied zone of the building distinguishes underfloor air distribution (UFAD) systems from conventional ducted overhead systems. This paper describes the development, validation, and application of a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model for predicting the airflow and thermal performance of underfloor air supply plenums. Implications for the design and operation of underfloor air supply plenums are discussed. Transactions 14 - Room: 207 - Evaluating and Measuring Performance of Air Cleaning DevicesWednesday, June 28, 2006 9:30 a.m.10:30 a.m. Sponsor: TC 02.03 Gaseous Air Contaminants and Gas Contaminant Removal Equipment Chair: Fariborz Haghighat, Ph.D., P. Eng., Member, Concordia University, Montreal, QB, Canada This session explores research and advances in gas-phase filtration for use in in-duct air cleaning devices and room air cleaners, and methods and techniques for evaluating the performance of these devices. These devices may be used in ASHRAE Standard 62s IAQ procedure, and can have a major impact on building energy consumption and indoor air quality.
Seminar 27 - Room: 206 B - Thermal Comfort: Exploring Displacement and Underfloor Air SystemsSunday, June 25, 2006 3:15 p.m.4:45 p.m. Sponsor: ASHRAE Standard 55 Chair: Michael McDermott, Associate Member, Environmental Systems Design, Chicago, IL This seminar explores air distribution technologies of displacement and underfloor ventilation as they relate to thermal environmental conditions for human occupancy. It begins with an overview of the ASHRAE Standard 55-2004, definition and factors of metabolic rate, clothing insulation, air temperature, radiant temperature, air speed and humidity. It also examines displacement and underfloor ventilation air distribution system concepts by comparing and contrasting system benefits, applications, air diffusers, CFD modeling case studies and video smoke tests.
Seminar 78 - Room: 206 B - IAQ and Carbon Monoxide Issues Related to Attached Residential GaragesWednesday, June 28, 2006 10:45 a.m.12:15 p.m. Sponsor: TC 04.03 Ventilation Requirements and Infiltration; SSPC 62.2 Chair: Bernardo Cardenal, Member, Rocamar Engineering Services, Delray Beach, FL Garages attached to residences may contain numerous sources of air contaminants. Air frequently flows from the garage into the attached
ASHRAE Winter Meeting - Chicago, IL - January 21-25, 2006Seminar 7 - Room: Adams Ballroom - CFD Applications in Cleanroom DesignsSunday, January 22, 2006 10:15 a.m. – 12:15 p.m. Sponsor: TC 09.11 Clean Spaces SPC Liaison: David W. Reid, Life Member, Berwyn, PA Chair: Wei Sun, P.E., Member, Engsysco, Inc., Ann Arbor, MI CFD technology is widely utilized in cleanroom design. High-cost cleanroom construction makes CFD more economical compared to physical mock-ups. It can predict design flaws, explore opportunities for improvement and validate a final design 6 before the facility is constructed. This seminar discusses the latest CFD developments in modeling and simulation of room configuration, particle generation, contaminant transport and propagation, flow velocity vectors, room temperature/humidity distributions, pressurization, process equipment and exhaust to analyze (visualize) airflow streamline patterns, parameters impacting on flow parallelism, airflow patterns through airlock doors, impact of personnel, material, and equipment and product traffics on room air cleanliness.
Seminar 9 - Room: Salon 2 - Design of Natural and Mixed-Mode Ventilation Systems in Commercial BuildingsSunday, January 22, 2006 10:15 a.m. – 12:15 p.m. Sponsor: TC 05.12 Ventilation Requirements and Infiltration SPC Liaison: Joseph S. Ferdelman, P.E., Member, Heapy Engineering, Dayton, OH Chair: Steven T. Taylor, P.E., Fellow, Taylor Engineering LLC, Alameda, CA Natural ventilation systems and mixed mode systems (a combination of natural and mechanical systems) are becoming increasingly popular in the North America due to their potential to improve indoor air quality, occupant satisfaction and energy efficiency. This seminar includes discussions of design concepts and tools and case studies of successful installations.
Poster Session - Room: Red Lacquer - Comparison of SPIV Measurements for Different Test Room Air Inlet Nozzle Configurations (4827)Tuesday, January 24, 2006 11 a.m. – 1 p.m. Paul A. Lebbin, P.E., Student Member, Mohammad H. Hosni, Ph.D., Fellow, Byron W. Jones, Ph.D., P.E., Fellow, and B.T. Beck, Ph.D., Member, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS; Chao-Hsin Lin, Ph.D., Member and Raymond H. Horstman, Ph.D., P.E., The Boeing Company, Seattle WA The effect of varying inlet air velocity due to a corresponding change in inlet nozzle slot size to achieve a constant slot Reynolds number was investigated in a benchmark room. The objective of the project was to evaluate the dependence of turbulence intensity levels in the room upon the air inlet nozzle slot geometry. It was found that there was a substantial shift in the center of rotation of overall airflow pattern due to a change in air inlet nozzle configuration. However, the turbulence levels in the room do not appear to be strongly dependent upon the inlet nozzle velocity because the inlet slot Reynolds number is not changed. Poster Session - Room: Red Lacquer - Investigation Into Airborne Transport Characteristics of Coughed Airflow In a Stagnant Indoor Environment (4834)Tuesday, January 24, 2006 11 a.m. – 1 p.m. Shengwei Zhu, Shinsuke Kato, Ph.D. and Jeong-Hoon Yang, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan In this paper, the airborne transport characteristics of the coughed airflow are investigated using transient CFD analysis on the dispersion of the coughed airflow. Simulation results indicate that the indoor flow field is mainly determined by the air current from the air conditioner, the rising warm stream due to the occupants of metabolic heat, and the expelled airflows of the occupants in a calm environment. Although the coughed airflow initially travels at a high speed unaffected by the indoor airflow, it soon dissipates as its velocity drops sharply. There is a less than 0.02% probability for the coughed air and aerosols to be inhaled by another occupant. Seminar 53 - Room: Red Lacquer - Experimental and CFD Benchmark Studies of Indoor Air Flow around Thermal ManikinsWednesday, January 25, 8 a.m. – 10 a.m. Sponsor: TC 04.10 Indoor Environmental Modeling SPC Liaison: Kirk T. Mescher, P.E., Member, CM Engineering, Columbia, MO Chair: Peter V. Nielsen, Ph.D., Fellow, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark Research centers around the world have developed different configurations to represent a computer simulated person. The variation may reflect the various possibilities in software and different standards for persons from country to country. To support the development of a CFD manikin, two benchmark tests for the boundary conditions around a CFD manikin are introduced. One test is for mixing ventilation and another for displacement ventilation. The seminar shows benchmark tests of CFD manikins and the use of CFD manikins in other applications. Additional work and experiments with CFD manikins are presented.
ASHRAE Summer Meeting - Denver, CO - June 25-29, 2005Seminar 22 Modeling and Measurement of Turbulent Indoor Air FlowSponsor: TC 04.10 Indoor Environmental Modeling Chair: Raymond H. Horstman, P.E., Member, Boeing Commercial Airplanes Group, Seattle, WA A seminar dedicated to the modeling of momentum, turbulence or aerosol transport in indoor environments. Computational fluid dynamics methods and experimental methods are investigated.
ASHRAE Winter Meeting - Orlando, FL - Feb. 5-9, 2005Symposium OR-05-05: Innovations and Advances in Room Air Distribution, Part 1: Computational Modeling and SimulationSponsor: TC 05.03 Room Air Distribution; TC 04.10 Indoor Environmental Modeling APC Liaison: Mohammad H. Hosni, Ph.D., Fellow, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS Chair: Mohammad H. Hosni, Ph.D., Fellow, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS Technical papers dealing with both experimental results and numerical simulations of air distribution and contaminant transport in rooms and aircraft cabin are presented. Air delivery and control methods have a major impact on occupant comfort and overall system operation. Thus, papers containing updated information on issues affecting the control and performance of room air distribution systems are included.
Symposium OR-05-08: Innovations and Advances in Room Air Distribution, Part 2: Numerical, Experimental and Application ArticlesSponsor: TC 05.03 Room Air Distribution; TC 04.10 Indoor Environmental Modeling APC Liaison: Mohammad H. Hosni, Ph.D., Fellow, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS Chair: Mohammad H. Hosni, Member, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS Technical papers dealing with both experimental results and numerical simulations of air distribution and contaminant transport in rooms and aircraft cabin are presented. Air delivery and control methods have a major impact on occupant comfort and overall system operation. Thus, articles containing updated information on issues affecting the control and performance of room air distribution systems also are included.
Seminar 4: Design Topics for Refrigerated WarehousesSponsor: TC 10.05 Refrigerated Distribution and Storage Facilities APC Liaison: Spencer Morasch, Member, Jersey Central Power & Light, Red Bank, NJ Chair: John Miranda, Associate Member, Baltimore Aircoil Co., Baltimore, MD This seminar addresses evaporative condenser piping layout; fire suppression systems in refrigerated warehouses; IAQ in refrigerated storage facilities; and CFD modeling of blast cells in refrigerated warehouses.
Technical Session 2:A Study for Evaluating Performance of Radiant Floor Cooling Integrated with Controlled Ventilation (4748)APC Liaison: Kirk T. Mescher, P.E., Member, CM Engineering, Columbia, MO Seung-Bok Leigh, Arch.D., Associate Member, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea; Doosam Song, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan Gu, Suwon Si, Korea; Suckho Hwang, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Sang-Youp Lee, HIMEC, Seoul, Korea This study aims at developing a radiant floor cooling system using existing Ondol (radiant floor heating system). It was found that the proposed system could provide cooling for thermal comfort with higher energy efficiency. However, problems still exist due to the condensation on the floor surface while the radiant floor cooling system is in operation. The results show that the radiant floor cooling integrated with ventilation system properly maintains the indoor set-point temperatures as well as it prevents the condensation on a floor surface. A Survey Technique for Evaluating Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning Systems (4749)Homer W. Holde, and William Steve Willis, Assured Indoor Air Quality, Weslaco, TX; Stephen Wilson, Ph.D., Michael Larranaga and David Straus, Ph.D., Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX This paper presents a survey technique for rating HVAC systems. Results showed that averages and standard errors ranged from 3.0 – 3.9 and 0.09-0.23 respectively, indicating a consistent level of agreement between assessors. These data show that the survey technique is robust, internally consistent and able to reduce a large amount of data into a concise summary. Determination of Building Materials Transport Properties for Modeling VOC Emissions (4750)Mao Yang, Student Member, Jianshun Zhang, Ph.D., Member, Hui Li, Student Member, T.Q. Dang and X.F. Gao, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY Material transport properties, such as diffusion coefficients and partition coefficients, are necessary for modeling VOC emissions from building materials and their potential impact on indoor air quality. An modified experimental procedure for VOC emission testing was developed to determine these properties in this study. It consists of a static period (i.e., zero air exchange) followed by a dynamic period. The concentrations measured at the end of the static period were used to represent the equilibrium concentration, and together with the data from the dynamic period to determine the initial VOC content and test specimen. Field Observations of Room Air Distribution Performance in Two Rooms of a Cold-Climate Home (4751)Keith A. Temple, Ph.D., P.E., Member, IBACOS, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA The study sought to evaluate the field performance of room air distribution in two rooms of a high performance home. The two rooms had similar exterior exposures, but had different supply register locations. A conclusion, based on stratification and temperature cycling performance, is that high sidewall supply with a non-spreading register at an interior wall is effective for both heating and cooling operation in a cold climate. Another conclusion is that floor supply with a spreading register at an exterior wall provides marginal heating operation, in a high performance home, as indicated by higher vertical temperature stratification and unacceptable temperature cycling. Improving Laboratory Building Energy Performance and Indoor Air Quality Using Laboratory Air Handling Unit System (4752)Member and Mingsheng Liu, Ph.D., P.E., Member, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE The Laboratory Air Handling Unit (LAHU) system is designed to improve building energy performance and indoor air quality (IAQ) in laboratory buildings. The LAHU system sends more (up to 100%) outside air to the office section and recirculates the office section air to the laboratory section. The theoretical study shows that the potential annual thermal energy savings varies from 20% up to 40% depending on the climate and ratio of office airflow to the laboratory section airflow. The LAHU provides more outside air intake directly to the office section during both cold winter and hot summer months when the IAQ is critical for building occupants.. Thermal Sensation of Local Airflows with Different Temperatures and Velocities: Comparison Between Summer and Winter (4753)Listiani Nurul Huda and Hiroshi Homma, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Japan Local airflow gives different sensations at different locations on a human body as the thickness of natural convection is not equal over the body surface. This study is intended to examine the effect of horizontal local airflows with different temperatures and velocities on thermal sensation, airflow perception, and thermal comfort to develop economical airconditioning especially for hot and humid areas. The results indicated that the airflow caused stronger thermal sensation and airflow perception at the necks than at the ankles in the summer experiments. Only the airflow perception in the velocity change experiments was the same in the winter and the summer. Seminar 37: What’s New? ASHRAE Standard 55-2004, Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human OccupancyTuesday, February 08, 2005 8 a.m. - 10 a.m. Sponsor: TC 02.01 Physiology and Human Environment; SSPC55 APC Liaison: Frederick W. Betz, P.E., Member, PEDCo E&A Services, Cincinnati, OH Chair: Hal Levin, Fellow Member, Building Ecology Research Group, Santa Cruz, CA Standard 55-2004 has been published following its last major revision 12 years ago. It now contains an analytical method to predict and evaluate thermal comfort conditions based on the predicted mean vote/predicted percent dissatisfied (PMV-PPD) index, as well as the adaptive thermal comfort model that can be applied to buildings without central HVAC systems. This seminar highlights these new methods, changes in the standard, compliance with the standard and its application in design, and examples of use.
Symposium OR-05-15: Ventilation and IAQ in Large Mass Transit FacilitiesSponsor: TC 05.09 Enclosed Vehicular Facilities; TC 05.06 Control of Fire and Smoke APC Liaison: David W. Reid, Life Member, Retired, Berwyn, PA Chair: George Hadjisophocleous, Ph.D., P.E., Member, P. Eng, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada This symposium addresses design of ventilation systems for enclosed vehicular facilities to minimize the effect of contaminants on the health and safety of occupants. It includes presentations of the findings of an ASHRAE research project that investigated the design of ventilation systems for the removal of diesel exhaust from enclosed locomotive facilities, as well as presentations on the effectiveness of ventilation systems in underground tunnels.
Poster Sesions:A New Local Ventilation System Using a Vortex Flow Generated With Finned Swirler (4755)Sang-Min Lee, Pohang and Jin-Won Lee, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea, R.O.C In the local exhaust ventilation system the exhaust air velocity decreases very rapidly with the distance from the exhaust inlet. One possible way of maintaining a high capture velocity far from the exhaust inlet is the use of vortex flow, usually called the vortex ventilation system which has a rotating annular disk installed in the exhaust inlet. Through numerical and experimental analysis an optimal shape of the disk is developed and its performance is represented based on the operating parameter D, which is the ratio of the displacement flow rate by the fins on the disk to the exhaust flow rate. Coupling of Airflow and Pollutant Dispersion Models with Evacuation Planning Algorithms for Building System Controls (4760)Jiansun Zhang, Ph.D., Member, Ramesh Rajagopalan, Chilukuri K. Mohan, Pramod Kumar Varshney, Can Isik, Kishan G. Mehrotra, Shaojie Wang and Zhi Gao, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY A mathematical formulation was developed including an objective function that minimizes the cumulating exposure of occupants to pollutants under the constraints of pollutant dispersion pattern, evacuation paths and their capacities. Simulation results show that: evacuation plan obtained based on the predicted pollutant dispersion patterns can have significant advantage over the intuitive “shortest path to the exit” approach; and pollutant dispersion control strategies simulated are effective in reducing the occupants’ exposure. The intelligent control methodology proposed can minimize the exposure of humans to pollutants indoors, subject to computational and cost constraints inherent in the real-time nature of the problem. Measurements and Modeling of VOC Emissions from a Large Wall Assembly of Typical Wood-Framed Residential Houses (4761)Hui Li, Student Member, Jianshun Zhang, Ph.D., Member and Miao Yang, Student Member, and Mikael Salonvaara, Member, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY A full-scale coupled indoor/outdoor environmental simulator (C-I/O-ES) was used to study the volatile organic compound (VOC) emission from a typical residential wall assembly. The effects of the multi-layer system, air velocity and air change rate on the contributions of each individual material in the assembly to the VOC concentrations in the IEQ chamber are discussed based on the measured data. The parameters of VOC transport in individual materials were obtained from small-scale chamber tests and used in the model. Comparison of simulation and experimental results show that the model prediction agrees well with the experimental data. Symposium OR-05-17: Indoor Air Quality: FiltrationSponsor: TC 02.04 Particulate Air Contaminants and Particulate Contaminant Removal Equipment APC Liaison: Mary (Ginger) Scoggins, P.E., Member, Engineered Designs, Inc., Raleigh, NC Chair: Kyung-Ju Choi, Ph.D., Member, AAF International, Louisville, KY Due to a rapid increase in exposure to allergens and chemicals, it is critically important to understand filtration’s usage in improving indoor air quality and reducing or eliminating potentially harmful air contaminants. Because of this, these presentations focus on the filter performance under real situations and its impact.
ASHRAE Summer Meeting - Nashville, TN - June 26-30, 2004Seminar 11 : Indoor Environmental Modeling of Museums, Art Galleries and Performing Arts TheatersRoom: Presidential Ballroom C (P2) Sunday, June 27 10:15 a.m. to 12:15 p.m. Sponsor: TC 04.10 Indoor Environmental Modeling; TC 05.03 Room Air Distribution APC Liaison: Jeff J.Traylor, Member, PW Consulting Engineers, Durham, NC Chair: Duncan A. Phillips, Ph.D., P.E., Associate, P. Eng, Rowan Williams Davies & Irwin (Inc), Guelph, ON, Canada Museums, art galleries and performing arts theaters present unique requirements and challenges for HVAC systems and air distribution. They have narrow tolerances on temperature, air speed and humidity ranges (for contents and performers) while having large local loads (e.g. lighting on the stage) and high occupant densities: the audience. Finally, the HVAC systems serving these environments must be low noise. Speakers discuss recent case studies of environmental modeling of thermal comfort, noise and humidity in these spaces with tight environmental constraints.
Seminar 19 : Particulate Dispersion and Transport in BuildingsRoom: Tennessee Ballroom C (T2) Sunday, June 27 1 p.m. to 3 p.m. Sponsor: TC 04.10 Indoor Environmental Modeling; TC 02.04 Particulate Air Contaminants and Particulate Contaminant Removal Equipment APC Liaison: James K. Willson, P.E., Member, Willson Performance Engineering LLC, Carmel, IN Chair: Qingyan (Yan) Chen, Ph.D., Member, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN Particulate matter is present in buildings as fine solids and liquid droplets. High concentrations of the matter pres ent a serious danger to human health. To understand how particulates are dispersed and transported in buildings is crucial for HVAC engineers developing and designing measures to remove the matter and to create a clean and healthy indoor environment. Particulate dispersion and transport in buildings are complex processes. This seminar presents an effort to understand the processes.
Seminar 34 : Diesel Locomotives in Enclosed Vehicular SpacesRoom: Jackson C/D (PM) Tuesday, June 29 8 a.m. to 10 a.m. Sponsor: TC 05.09 Enclosed Vehicular Facilities; TC 04.10 Indoor Environmental Modeling APC Liaison: Jeff J.Traylor, Member, PW Consulting Engineers, Durham, NC Chair: Robert J. Henry, P.E., Member, National Railroad Passenger Corp. (a.m.TRAK), Philadelphia, PA Recent issues related to controlling diesel exhaust emissions in buildings and tunnels are discussed. Topics include ventilation guidance, published contaminant limits, design approaches and applications, field measurements and CFD modeling. Speakers present application case studies and ASHRAE sponsored research.
Seminar 44 : Computer Modeling of Labs for Environmental ControlRoom: Tennessee D/E (T2) Wednesday, June 30 8 a.m. to 10 a.m. Sponsor: TC 09.10 Laboratory Systems; TC 04.10 Indoor Environmental Modeling APC Liaison: James K. Willson, P.E., Member, Willson Performance Engineering LLC, Carmel, IN Chair: J. Patrick Carpenter, P.E., Member, Kling, Philadelphia, PA Laboratory environments typically involve competing concerns for safety and comfort. These are driven by exhaust air make-up, equipment cooling loads and room air pressurization and dilution. Many of these concerns are not uniform within a space, and most designs often fail to see the complex effects of localized temperature and air velocity variations within rooms. This seminar demonstrates how the use of sophisticated modeling tools such as CFD can provide a detailed understanding of these effects that better informs engineers and allows solutions that maximize worker safety and comfort while possibly also improving energy effectiveness.
ASHRAE Winter Meeting - Anaheim - January 24-28, 2004Seminar 5 : Modeling the Dispersion of Chemical or Biological Contaminants, Part 1Sponsor: TC 04.10 Indoor Environmental Modeling Chair: Duncan A. Phillips, Ph.D., P.E., Associate, Rowan Williams Davies & Irwin, Guelph, ON, Canada Since Sept. 11 and the subsequent anthrax attacks, there has been greater awareness of the threat that chemical and biological agents pose. Since then, greater emphasis has been placed on the modeling of potential impacts of a release, accidental or otherwise, of chemical, biological or nuclear materials. This seminar presents results from recent state-of-the-art modeling techniques. Presenters show how modeling (CFD, multi-zone, zonal and lumped parameter) assists in the understanding of the level of impact, the design of safety systems, threat assessments and mitigation procedures when these agents are released. This modeling is of both indoor and outdoor environments with potential impact on occupied regions.
Seminar 33 : Modeling the Dispersion of Chemical or Biological Contaminants, Part 2Sponsor: TC 04.10 Indoor Environmental Modeling Chair: Duncan A. Phillips, Ph.D., P.E., Associate, Rowan Williams Davies & Irwin (RWDI) Inc., Guelph, ON, Canada Since the events of September 11th and the anthrax attacks that followed, the world has become more aware of the threat that chemical and biological agents pose. Since then, there has been a greater emphasis on the modeling of potential impacts of a release, accidental or otherwise, of chemical, biological or nuclear materials. The purpose of this seminar is to present results from recent state of the art modeling techniques. The presenters will show how modeling (CFD, multi-zone, zonal and lumped parameter) is assisting in the understanding of the level of impact, the design of safety systems, threat assessments and mitigation procedures when these agents are released. This modeling is of both indoor and outdoor environments with potential impact on occupied regions. This is Group 2 of 2 groups of presenters.
ASHRAE Summer Meeting - Kansas City - June 28 - July 2, 2003Symposium : Experimental Measurement and Numerical Modeling of AirflowsSponsor: TC 04.10 Indoor Environmental Modeling; 05.03 APC Liaison: Don C. Hardin, Enviromatic Systems, Ft. Worth, TX Chair: Mohammad H. Hosni, Ph.D., Member, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS This symposium deals with experimental measurements and numerical modeling of airflow. Both indoor and outdoor airflow are considered. New measurement techniques and numerical methodologies are addressed.
Symposium : Coupling of Building Airflow and Energy Modeling ProgramsSponsor: TC 04.10 Indoor Environmental Modeling; TC 04.07 Energy Calculations APC Liaison: Joy Altwies, Farnsworth Group Inc., Madison, WI Chair: Jelena Srebric, Ph.D., Member, The Penn State University, University Park, PA This field recently captured the attention of HVAC researchers and engineers due to its potential to tackle IAQ and thermal comfort problems, while using energy efficient HVAC systems. The symposium papers describe the following types of coupling: energy analysis and nodal or network airflow methods, inter-zone airflow, and pollutant dispersion; zonal or computational fluid dynamics methods for modeling air motion, indoor air quality and comfort conditions within rooms; and other advances related to the coupling of energy analysis and airflow programs.
Forum : Design Considerations to Limit Dispersion of Immediately Harmful Contaminants in Large Buildings and Enclosed Vehicular FacilitiesSponsor: TC 05.09 Enclosed Vehicular Facilities; TC4.10 Indoor Environmental Modeling APC Liaison: Kirk T. Mescher, P.E., CM Engineering, Columbia, MO Moderator: Paul C. Miclea, P.E., Member, PMP, Earth Tech, Inc., Oakland, CA Ventilation systems in such facilities have not been designed to address these cases and therefore there are no criteria for what should be done in such circumstances to prevent the dispersion of harmful contaminants and minimize the risk to occupants. This forum is recommended to generate ideas to be considered in the future for the design of new facilities and the best approach to managing risks in existing facilities. Discussions may expand on the "Report of Presidential Ad Hoc Committee for Building Health and Safety under Extraordinary Incidents (January 26, 2003). ASHRAE Winter Meeting - Chicago - January 27-28, 2003Poster Session: Effects of Environmental Conditions on the Sorption of VOCs on Building Materials Part 2: Model Evaluation (RP-1097) (4578)Jinsong Zhang, Member, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN; Jianshun Zhang, Ph.D., Member, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY; Qingyan Chen, Ph.D., Member, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN Sorption data obtained by using small environmental chambers under different environmental conditions have been used to evaluate the linear Langmuir model and the diffusion model for VOC sorption by different building materials. The two models were evaluated by the goodness of model curve-fitting to the experimental data according to the ASTM recommended statistical indices; and by the ability in predicting the desorption period based on the data from the adsorption period. The linear Langmuir model appeared to be suitable for the painted drywall and ceiling tile while the diffusion model seems more suitable for carpet. ASHRAE Summer Meeting - Honolulu - June 22-26, 2002Symposium: Practical Applications of Multizone Airflow and Contaminant Transport ModelingSponsor: TC 04.10 Indoor Environmental Modeling; TC 05.06 Control of Fire and Smoke Chair: W. Stuart Dols, Member, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD Multizone modeling programs can be useful in analyzing building airflows, pressure differences and contaminant transport. These capabilities prove useful in assessing building air change rates, inter-zonal airflow rates, comparing ventilation strategies including natural ventilation, smoke management systems, and performing indoor air quality analysis. While researchers have been the main users of multizone modeling, it is beginning to see widespread practical applications in building design and analysis by engineering practitioners.
Symposium: Air and Contaminant Flows Around Occupants in Ventilated Spaces: Part 1Chair: Thong Q. Dang, Ph. D., Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY Air and contaminant movements around occupants in a ventilated space directly affect occupants' exposure and hence their health, comfort and performance. Understanding the air and contaminant flows around human bodies will help design optimal space air diffusion systems. This symposium presents methods and findings in studying the microenvironment around human bodies, covering both experimental measurements and numerical simulation techniques.
Symposium: Air and Contaminant Flows Around Occupants in Ventilated Spaces: Part 2Chair: H. E. Khalifa, Ph. D., Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY Air and contaminant movements around occupants in a ventilated space directly affect occupants' exposure and hence their health, comfort and performance. Understanding the air and contaminant flows around human bodies will help design optimal space air diffusion systems. This symposium presents methods and findings in studying the microenvironment around human bodies, covering both experimental measurements and numerical simulation techniques.
Symposium: Modeling Natural and Hybrid Ventilation SystemsChair: James VanGilder, Associate, Flomerics Inc, Southborough, MA The symposium focuses on modeling of natural and hybrid ventilation systems for the indoor environment. Natural ventilation systems have no mechanical ventilation components whatsoever, while hybrid systems typically utilize both natural and mechanical ventilation depending on load requirements, which may vary daily or seasonally.
Seminar: Successful Applications of ASHRAE Sponsored Research on Indoor Environmental ModelingChair: Jelena Srebric, Ph. D., Member, The Penn State University, University Park, PA This seminar focuses on several recent applications of ASHRAE-funded research on indoor environmental modeling. Speakers will present how ASHRAE research impacts design practice, consulting, software products and university teaching. This broad impact is due to the importance of research in the field of indoor environmental modeling. While relatively new, this field is quickly becoming an important part of ASHRAE research and practice. As evidence of growing importance is a new chapter titled HVAC Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), in the 2001 ASHRAE Handbook, Fundamentals. CFD is a basic tool for indoor environmental modeling and is discussed in the seminar.
Poster Session: Effects of Environmental Conditions on the VOC Sorption by Building MaterialsPart 1: Experimental Results (4578) (RP-1097) Jinsong Zhang, Member, Select Energy Services, Inc., Natick, MA; Jianshun S. Zhang, Ph. D., Member, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY; Qingyan Chen, Ph. D., Member, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA Three typical kinds of building materials (painted drywall, ceiling tile and carpet) were tested to study the effects of environmental conditions on the sorption of VOCs by building materials. ASHRAE Winter Meeting - Atlantic City - January 13-16, 2002Symposium: Application of CFD Modeling to Indoor Airflow Design ProblemsChair: Steven J. Emmerich, Associate, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD APC Liaison: John Bisset, P.Eng., Chorley & Bisset, Ltd., London, ON, Canada This symposium describes the application of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling to real world indoor airflow design problems.
Poster Session: A Critical Review on Studies of Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Sorption by Building Materials (RP-1097) (4508)Sponsor: TC 4.10 Indoor Environmental Modeling; TC 2.3 Gaseous Air Contaminants and Gas Contaminant Removal Equipment Jinsong Zhang, Student Member, Select Energy Services Inc., Natick, MA; Jianshun Zhang, Ph.D., Member, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY; Qingyan Chen, Ph.D., Member, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA; Xudong Yang, Ph.D., Member, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL This paper analyzes the pros and cons of existing sorption models, as well as experimental methods. In addition, it summarizes existing sorption data in order to better understand the phenomenon of VOC sorption on building materials and to direct future research. Poster Session: Data Processing of Large-Scale Particle Image Velocimetry Measurements Around the Human Body (RP 978) (4516)Weiwei Jia, Lexmark International Co., Lexington, KY; Byron W. Jones, Ph.D., P.E., Fellow and Mohammad H. Hosni, Ph.D., Member, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS; Hui Meng, Ph.D., SUNY, Buffalo, NY This paper describes the application of particle image velocimetry (PIV) to the large-scale flow fields in the vicinity of a person in a room. Due to the large imaging areas required for such measurements (over 2 meters in each dimension) and the low air velocities (0.05 m/s), the PIV technique for this application encounters unique challenges. A fully integrated PIV system with two-dimensional data processing software was implemented specifically to meet these challenges. The experimental air velocity data generated in this study are intended to be used for validation of CFD models for room airflow predictions. ASHRAE Summer Meeting - Cincinnati - June 23-28, 2001Symposium: Experimental Validation of Multizone Network Airflow ModelsChair: Amy Musser, Ph.D., Associate Member, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Omaha, NE This symposium describes experimental validation efforts that have been made to verify multizone network airflow modeling techniques for analyzing infiltration, indoor air quality, and other engineering situations. As these models experience more widespread and diverse application, these verification studies will serve an important role promoting acceptance by the design community.
Seminar: Advances in Computational Fluid Dynamics ApplicationsChair: Mohammad H. Hosni, Ph.D., Member, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS This seminar focuses on the advances in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling and applications to various problems of interest to ASHRAE members. Various computational techniques and turbulence modeling are available for specialized problems, however, each of the techniques requires good understanding of the geometry and boundary conditions for the problem at hand. In this seminar, numerical simulation results from several commercial software programs is presented and discussed.
Poster Session: A Method of Test to Obtain Diffuser Data for CFD Modeling of Room Airflow (RP-1009) (4467)Jelena Srebric, Member, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA; Qingyan Chen, Member, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA This study demonstrated how to use two simplified methods, the box and momentum methods, to simulate complex diffusers in room airflow modeling by computational fluid dynamics. The two methods require additional flow information that is not available from product catalogues of diffuser manufacturers. This information includes the distribution of discharge air velocity, box size, and flow direction. This research developed a method of test on how to obtain the additional information with minimal effort under the ASHRAE Standard 70-1991. ASHRAE Winter Meeting - Atlanta - January 28-31, 2001Symposium: Modeling and Measurement of VOC Emissions from Building MaterialsSponsor: TC 2.3 Gaseous Air Contaminants and Gas Contaminant Removal Equipment; TC 4.10 Indoor Environmental Modeling APC Liaison: Timothy J. McGinn, P.Eng., Reid Crowther & Partners Ltd., Calgary, AB, Canada Chair: Gemma Kerr, Ph.D., Member, Inair Environmental Ltd., Ottawa, ON, Canada Emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC) from building materials can have a strong impact on indoor air quality (IAQ). However, at present there is little hard data available, and few methods for predicting emission rates in buildings and assessing their effects. This symposium addresses all of these issues. A laboratory method for determining emission rates from basic properties of materials is described and validated. The potential of CFD to predict room concentrations of VOC is explored, based on laboratory-generated data. In addition, results of experiments in which people assess the acceptability of air containing building material emissions are presented.
Seminar: CFD Modeling of Large Occupied Indoor SpacesSponsor: TC 4.10 Indoor Environmental Modeling; TC 9.8 Large Building Air-Conditioning Applications APC Liaison: Kenneth M. Clark, P.E., Burns & McDonnell, Kansas City, MO Chair: Steven Emmerich, Member, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD The use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to model flows in indoor occupied spaces is becoming increasingly common. CFD may be used to predict thermal comfort, fire safety, ventilation efficiency and contaminant exposure. The seminar presents recent activities and process related to CFD modeling in large occupied spaces. Large occupied spaces present many challenges to CFD modeling, including balancing the role of buoyance forces, prediction of diffuser throws and computational grid sizes.
ASHRAE Summer Meeting - Minneapolis - June 25-28, 2000None ASHRAE Winter Meeting - Dallas - Feb 6-9, 2000Seminar: Case Studies of Modeling Industrial EnvironmentsSponsor: TC 4.10 Indoor Environmental Modeling; TC 5.8 Industrial Ventilation , TC 9.2 Industrial Air Conditioning APC Liaison: Daniel J. Dettmers, HVAC&R Center Chair: Walter Schwarz, Ph.D., Member, Fluent Inc., Lebanon, NH This seminar presents case studies which use various types of modeling that may include, but not be limited to, computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations, multizone modeling and/or other analytical or lumped parameter modeling of air movement within industrial environments. The cases stem from real-life problems concerned with environmental conditions that may affect personnel, processes, and equipment in broadly-classified industrial settings. The presentations show how the results of the modeling influenced the design and/or operation of the industrial environment and what was gained by doing the modeling.
ASHRAE Summer Meeting - Seattle - June 20-23, 1999Forum: How to Report CFD Modeling Results RightPC Liaison: James S. Buckley, P.E., CCRD Partners Moderator: Duncan A. Phillips, Ph.D., Member, Goodfellow Consultants Inc. (GCI), Mississauga, ON, Canada Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is becoming increasing popular as a tool to model air and contaminant flows in buildings. Proper use of CFD requires thoughtful application of boundary conditions, grid generation, specification of physical models and post-processing analysis in order to yield results that accurately reflect the flow. Many CFD practitioners presenting at ASHRAE meetings do not provide a sufficient level of detail when reporting their modeling. Often this leads to concerns about the validity of their results. This forum discusses the reporting of modeling details when presenting CFD results and will touch on issues associated with accurate modeling of air and contaminant flows in buildings Poster Session: Validation of a Zero-Equation Turbulence Model for Complex Indoor Airflow Simulation (4312) (RP-927)Sponsor: TC 06.04 In-Space Convection Heating; TC 04.10 Indoor Environmental Modeling Jelena Srebric, Student Member, Qingyan Chen, Ph.D., Member and Leon R. Glicksman, Ph.D., Member, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA The design of the indoor environment requires a tool that can quickly predict the three dimensional distributions of air velocity, temperature, and contaminant concentrations in the room on a personal computer. The investigation has tested a zero-equation turbulence model for the prediction of the indoor environment in an office with displacement ventilation, with a heater and infiltration, and with forced convection and a partition wall. The computed air velocity and temperature distributions agree well with the measured data. ASHRAE Winter Meeting - Chicago - January 24-27, 1999Symposium: Innovative Methods For Room Air DistributionSponsor: TC 05.03, Room Air Distribution; 04.10 Indoor Environmental Modeling Chair: Mo Hosni, Ph.D., Member, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS APC Liaison: Robert M. Suggs, III, R. M.Suggs Company This symposium deals with the evaluation of various air distribution methods applied in office and industrial facilities. Both experimental and computational computational fluid dynamics results are presented. Also, the measurement and modeling techniques applied in each case are discussed.
Symposium: Multizone Modeling of Ventilation and Infiltration in Residential BuildingsChair: Branislav B. Todorovic, Ph.D., University Belgrade Chair: Steven Emmerich, Associate Member, N.I.S.T, Gaithersburg, MD The symposium addresses the application of multizone airflow and IAQ modeling to study problems related to ventilation and infiltration in a variety of residential buildings. The papers include a comparison of different modeling methods, comparisons of the performance of various ventilation systems for both single-family and multi-family buildings, and an analysis of the impact of distribution system leakage.
ASHRAE Summer Meeting - Toronto - June 21, 1998None ASHRAE Winter Meeting - San Francisco - January 18-21, 1998Symposium: Advanced Turbulence Models for Room Airflow PredictionChair: Qingyan Chen, Ph.D., Member, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA APC Liaison: James Buckley, P.E., 3D/International In the past two decades the "standard" two-equation k-E model has been used intensively in room airflow prediction. Encouraging results have been achieved, but there are many problems unsolved. Due to rapid development in computer hardware, engineers are seeking advanced turbulence models, such as large-eddy-simulation, Reynolds-stress models, and variants of eddy-viscosity models, for better prediction of room airflows. This symposium discusses the results of room airflow prediction by those advanced models.
Symposium: Recent European Research on Low-Velocity MeasurementsSponsor: TC 01.02 Instruments and Measurement; 02.01 Physiology and Human Environment; TC 04.10 Indoor Environmental Modeling Chair: Arsen Krikor Melikov, Ph.D., P.E., Member, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark APC Liaison: Janet Lynch-Szaniawski, Johnson Controls Inc. This symposium presents the results of recent European research on the accuracy of low-velocity measurements by several thermal anemometers indoors, including the impact of directional sensitivity of the velocity sensor, dynamic response of the anemometer, natural convection from the sensor, and air temperature fluctuations. New test methods and requirements for low-velocity measurements and instruments also are discussed.
ASHRAE Summer Meeting - Boston - June 28 - July 2, 1997Seminar: Simplified Models for Room Air and Air Contaminant DistributionChair: Jianshun (Jenson) Zhang, Ph.D., Member, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada APC Liaison: Filza Hassan Understanding the air and air contaminant movement in ventilated rooms is important for the design and operation of room air distribution systems. While computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based models are able to provide very detailed predictions, they are generally too complicated to be directly used for design. This seminar reviews the development of simplified modeling techniques including models that are based on knowledge of the characteristics of diffuser air jets and their relationships with the conditions in the occupied zones, zonal models that divide the room space into sub-zones based on the pre-knowledge of the major airflow patterns, methods that simplify the application of the CFD technique for practical room distribution design (e.g., database approach).
ASHRAE Winter Meeting - Philadelphia - January 25-29, 1997Seminar: CFD for Ph.D.s and Other DummiesChair: Charles Gaston, Ph.D., P.E., Member, Penn State York Campus, York, Pennsylvania Liaison: Chad Dorgan Many researchers, engineers and designers in ASHRAE-related fields could benefit from employing computational fluid dynamics; however, they may doubt that the cost and effort are worth the benefits, and they may be unsure how to get started. The intent of this seminar is to educate such potential users about some of the basics, options, capabilities and requirements of CFD.
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